Contrairement au contre-transfert culturel, le transfert culturel a été peu étudié. Défini comme les réactions du collectif qui est dans le patient au collectif qui est dans le thérapeute, il demeure un continent noir de la psychanalyse et de l’ethnopsychanalyse. Nous proposons de considérer le transfert culturel comme une relation sociale, mise en jeu dans la consultation transculturelle, et traversée de rapports sociaux, lesquels sont généralement hiérarchiques. Nous proposons une problématisation du transfert culturel autour de cinq logiques structurant les relations entre les groupes d’appartenance des patients et des thérapeutes : la relation de pouvoir entre thérapeute et patient, la relation humanitaire prise entre solidarité et inégalité, les relations postcoloniales entre anciens colonisés et anciens colonisateurs, les rapports sociaux racialisés, la domination culturelle mondialisée. Ces dimensions invitent à parler de transfert socio-culturel plus que d’un transfert culturel.
Mots-clés
- transfert
- culture
- ethnopsychanalyse
- relation dominant-dominé
- colonisation
- migrant
- racisme
- stigmatisation
- relation thérapeutique
- relation soignant-soigné
Social relations in cultural transference
Problematization trial
Social relations in cultural transference
Unlike cultural countertransference, cultural transference has been little studied. Defined as a reaction of the collective embodied by the patient versus the collective embodied by the therapist, it remains a dark continent of psychoanalysis and ethnopsychoanalysis. We propose to consider cultural transference as a social relationship staked in the transcultural consultation and crossed by social bonds which are generally hierarchical.
We suggest a problematization of the cultural transference articulated around five logical patterns that structure the relationships between historically and socially constructed groups of patients and therapist groups : the power relationship between the therapist and the patient, the humanitarian relationship polarized between solidarity and inequality, postcolonial relations between former colonies and former colonizers, racialized social relations and global cultural domination. These dimensions invite us to speak in terms of socio-cultural transference rather than cultural transference.
Keywords
- transference
- culture
- ethnopsychoanalysis
- dominant-dominated relationship
- colonization
- migrant
- racism
- stigmatization
- therapeutical relationship
- healerhealee relationship